Genet. Sel. Evol. 37 (2005) S65-S81
DOI: 10.1051/gse:2004032

The callipyge mutation and other genes that affect muscle hypertrophy in sheep

Noelle E. Cockett^a, Maria A. Smit^a, Christopher A. Bidwell^b, Karin Segers^c, Tracy L. Hadfield^a, Gary D. Snowder^d, Michel Georges^c and Carole Charlier<sup>c

a</sup>  Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
^b  Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
^c  Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
^d  USDA/ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA

(Accepted: 19 July 2004)

Abstract -
Genetic strategies to improve the profitability of sheep operations have generally focused on traits for reproduction. However, natural mutations exist in sheep that affect muscle growth and development, and the exploitation of these mutations in breeding strategies has the potential to significantly improve lamb-meat quality. The best-documented mutation for muscle development in sheep is callipyge (CLPG), which causes a postnatal muscle hypertrophy that is localized to the pelvic limbs and loin. Enhanced skeletal muscle growth is also observed in animals with the Carwell (or rib-eye muscling) mutation, and a double-muscling phenotype has been documented for animals of the Texel sheep breed. However, the actual mutations responsible for these muscular hypertrophy phenotypes in sheep have yet to be identified, and further characterization of the genetic basis for these phenotypes will provide insight into the biological control of muscle growth and body composition.

Key words: sheep / muscle / hypertrophy / callipyge / mutation

Correspondence and reprints: noelle.cockett@usu.edu

© INRA, EDP Sciences 2004